How to Spot a Pump-and-Dump Scam Before You Lose Money

Australia's pump and dump scam crisis cost investors $837.7 million in 2025, and deepfake celebrity endorsements are now the primary weapon: here is exactly how the schemes work, the red flags to spot them, and the steps to take the moment you are targeted.
By Ryan Dhillon -
Deepfake investment ad on smartphone with AI face glitch — pump and dump scam Australia warning
  • Australians lost $837.7 million to investment scams in 2025, the single largest scam category by dollars lost, with one Western Australian victim alone losing more than $10 million via a fake celebrity endorsement.
  • ASIC removed a record 19,400 online scams in one recent year, a 182% increase on the prior year, reflecting the industrialisation of fraud rather than a gradual rise in activity.
  • Pump and dump schemes now follow a consistent eight-stage sequence from deepfake hook to withdrawal lockout, with a secondary recovery scam frequently targeting victims a second time.
  • ASIC's July 2026 warning confirmed a spike in schemes using fake celebrity endorsements across social media and WhatsApp, with four individuals already charged over a Telegram pump-and-dump conspiracy carrying potential penalties of up to 15 years imprisonment.
  • The planned Scam Prevention Framework introducing mandated controls for banks, telcos, and digital platforms is not expected until around 2027, meaning ASIC's free professional registers and website-verification tool remain the primary protection available to investors right now.
Summarise with AI:

A video of a familiar face appears in your social media feed. It is the Prime Minister, or an ABC finance journalist, or a well-known business figure, speaking directly to camera about an investment opportunity that sounds almost too good to walk away from. The face is real. The voice is right. The endorsement is a complete fabrication.

This is the tactic behind the current wave of pump and dump scam activity in Australia, and it is working with alarming efficiency. In the first half of 2026, scam-related submissions made up nearly one in five of all misconduct reports received by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). Investment scams as a whole cost Australians $837.7 million in reported losses in 2025.

ASIC has issued escalating warnings throughout 2025 and 2026 and has directed enforcement resources specifically at these schemes. That should tell you how seriously the regulator now treats them.

Here is what you will take away from this: exactly how these scams are built stage by stage, the specific signals that expose a scheme before you part with any money, and the precise steps Australian authorities recommend the moment you suspect you have been targeted.

Why fake celebrity investment ads are everywhere right now

The volume is the first thing to understand. According to ABC reporting, ASIC removed a record 19,400 online scams in one recent year, an increase of 182% on the year before. That is not a slow creep in fraudulent activity. That is a fraud environment industrialising in real time.

The financial toll matches the scale of the infrastructure.

Australians reported $837.7 million in investment scam losses in 2025, making it the single largest scam category by dollars lost. Source: Targeting Scams Report 2025, published by the National Anti-Scam Centre (NASC) and Scamwatch on 30 March 2026.

Total scam losses across all categories reached $2.18 billion in the same year. ASIC’s own recent releases confirm the trend is sharpening: a July 2026 media release (26-157MR) flagged a spike in pump-and-dump scams using fake celebrity endorsements across social media and WhatsApp, and an August 2026 warning (26-195MR) singled out deepfake videos of celebrities and politicians promoting fake schemes.

The scale of investment scam losses in Australia reflects a paradox: ASIC removed nearly 12,000 scam websites in 2025, a 90% increase on the prior year, yet aggregate losses still reached $2.18 billion across all scam categories, with fewer incidents producing higher losses per victim.

The people being impersonated are chosen precisely because you trust them:

  • Politicians, including the Prime Minister
  • ABC finance journalists and other media figures
  • Prominent Australian business leaders

That trust is now a liability rather than an asset. In one Western Australian case, a single victim lost more than $10 million after being drawn in by a fake celebrity endorsement video.

How deepfakes changed the scam calculus

A deepfake is a video or audio recording generated by artificial intelligence to make a real person appear to say or do something they never did. The technology has become good enough, and cheap enough, that scammers can now produce convincing endorsements at industrial scale.

This is why the old rule of thumb no longer protects you. “If it looks fake, it probably is” assumes fakes look fake. These do not.

ASIC states that generative AI has allowed scammers to build vast networks of deepfake websites and endorsements. The regulator is explicit that “a quick online search is not enough,” because scammers construct inter-linked networks of fake review sites designed to intercept your verification attempt and reassure you at exactly the moment you go looking for reassurance.

AI investment scams have expanded well beyond deepfake video: fraudsters now produce synthetic ASIC licensing documents and cloaked advertisements capable of passing platform moderation, meaning the deception can begin before a target ever sees a celebrity endorsement.

How a pump-and-dump scheme actually works, step by step

Understanding the sequence is the most reliable early-warning tool you have. If you can name the stage you are in, you can leave before the expensive part arrives. Here is the anatomy these schemes follow, drawn from ASIC’s July 2026 release (26-157MR):

  1. The hook. A social media ad or clickbait post featuring a deepfaked celebrity promotes an investment promising outsized returns.
  2. Redirection. Clicking sends you to an imposter website or a fake news article mimicking a reputable outlet, often misusing trusted brands or even the ASIC logo.
  3. Sign-up. The page collects your contact details, and a scammer posing as an “account manager” gets in touch.
  4. Initial payment. You are asked for an access fee or minimum investment, typically around $250, a figure calibrated to feel low enough to risk.
  5. The illusion of profit. You are given a fake dashboard showing small early gains, building your confidence before the real ask.
  6. Escalation. You are pushed to invest more, or moved into WhatsApp or Telegram groups where planted accomplices post fake profit screenshots to manufacture momentum.
  7. The dump or lock-out. Organisers sell their holdings and the price collapses, or withdrawal requests get blocked behind demands for extra “taxes” and “fees.”

There is an eighth stage most people never hear about: secondary exploitation. Victims are frequently retargeted by “recovery scams,” where a new fraudster demands a fee for the false promise of clawing back the money already lost.

The design here matters. By the time you are asked for a large sum, the fake dashboard has already done its work. Falling for this is a designed outcome, not a personal failing.

The two main variants share this DNA but differ in the mechanics of the loss:

Scheme type Primary lure Typical platform How money is lost Secondary trap
Pump-and-dump share scheme Insider stock tips and boasts of profit WhatsApp or Telegram groups Coordinated buying inflates a thinly traded stock, then organisers sell and the price collapses Recovery scam fees
Fake investment platform Deepfake celebrity endorsement Imposter website with fake dashboard Withdrawals blocked behind “tax” and “fee” demands Recovery scam fees

The regulatory response reflects the seriousness of the harm.

In July 2024 (24-161MR), ASIC charged four individuals over an alleged Telegram pump-and-dump conspiracy. The charges carry potential penalties of up to 15 years imprisonment.

The human cost is just as concrete. One Australian man lost $80,000 in cryptocurrency after registering through a fraudulent site promoted by a deepfake interview with Elon Musk.

The red flags that separate a real investment from a scam

You do not need to become a fraud analyst to protect yourself. You need a short list of testable signals you can run through in the moment, before money moves.

Visual and structural signals

  • A celebrity endorsement for an investment appearing in a social media ad or feed
  • A $250 initial deposit or “access fee” to get started
  • “Taxes” or “fees” demanded before you can withdraw your own money
  • A provider that cannot be found on ASIC’s Australian Financial Services Licence (AFSL) register
  • A slick dashboard showing early profits you cannot actually withdraw

These are the hallmark warning signs NASC identifies, and the Australian Federal Police (AFP) advice is blunt: treat all celebrity endorsements with deep scepticism and avoid clicking investment links circulating on social media.

Scams that pass the usual checks represent a harder category: the Capital Guard case showed that a firm can hold a genuine, current ASIC-issued AFS licence and still operate a fraudulent bond scheme, collecting $17.4 million from 80 Australian investors before regulators intervened.

How to verify before you invest

The tools you need are free, authoritative, and government-maintained. Most Australians who get caught never use them. Run these checks in order:

  1. Search the provider on ASIC’s professional registers to confirm it holds a current AFSL.
  2. Check the entity name against ASIC’s Investor Alert List, which names businesses the regulator has flagged.
  3. Run any URL that prompted the offer through ASIC’s website-verification tool, launched in April 2026 (26-063MR) specifically to catch imposter investment sites.

You can also confirm membership of the Australian Financial Complaints Authority (AFCA) for additional assurance. These checks take under two minutes combined.

Do not rely on a Google search of the company name.

ASIC warns that “a quick online search is not enough,” because scammers build inter-linked networks of fake review sites designed to reassure you.

Communication signals that mark a scam

The way you are contacted is often the clearest tell. Watch for unsolicited approaches through WhatsApp or Telegram, pressure to act quickly before you have time to think, and group chats where multiple participants conveniently claim to be profiting. Any request to move the conversation off a regulated platform and into a private messaging app is a signal to stop, not to continue.

What to do immediately if you think you have been targeted

Speed changes outcomes. Australians who act within hours of spotting a scam have a meaningfully better chance of stopping a transaction than those who wait. NASC frames the response around a simple structure.

Pause. Verify. Report. Pause before transferring money or sharing details. Verify the counterparty independently. Report the scam to your bank, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), and Scamwatch. Source: National Anti-Scam Centre consumer guidance.

Here is the sequence to follow:

The NASC Pause, Verify, Report Framework

  1. Contact your bank or financial institution immediately to stop or reverse the transaction. This is the single most time-sensitive step.
  2. Report the scam to Scamwatch, which is operated by NASC.
  3. Report cyber elements to the ACSC through ReportCyber.
  4. Contact IDCARE for free identity and cyber support.
  5. Change your passwords and secure any accounts the scammers may have accessed.

Knowing which body does what helps you route your report to the right place:

Organisation What they handle How to contact
Scamwatch (NASC) Scam reports that feed takedown and disruption operations Scamwatch website
ACSC Cybercrime and online fraud reports ReportCyber
IDCARE Free identity and cyber support for individuals IDCARE service
Your bank Stopping or reversing transactions Direct, immediately

Reporting does more than help you. In 2024, NASC referred over 8,000 URLs for takedown, including more than 2,000 investment-related scams, and these operations rely directly on public reports. When you report a scam, even one that never cost you a cent, you help dismantle the infrastructure targeting the next person.

That systemic value matters because under-reporting is a genuine problem. Shame and embarrassment, particularly among older Australians, keep many losses hidden, which distorts the official picture and lets scammers keep working the same demographics undisturbed. ASIC prioritises scam reports for assessment ahead of other categories, so a report you file is acted on quickly.

What you can check today to protect yourself going forward

The most useful thing you can do right now is turn this into three standing habits, not a one-off act of caution:

  • Verify AFSL status on ASIC’s professional registers before engaging with any investment offer.
  • Treat a celebrity endorsement as a scam signal, not a trust signal.
  • Report any suspicious contact to Scamwatch, whether or not you lost money.

Why does personal vigilance still carry so much weight? Because the regulatory backstop is not fully in place yet. The planned Scam Prevention Framework is expected to introduce mandated controls for banks, telcos, and digital platforms, but full implementation is not anticipated until around 2027. Until then, the checks you run yourself are the primary line of defence.

Two standing resources deserve a permanent bookmark: ASIC’s Moneysmart website for consumer financial education, and ASIC’s professional registers for verifying any provider on demand. Between them, they give you a free way to check almost any investment offer before you commit.

For readers wanting to run every available check before committing funds, our dedicated guide to verifying any Australian broker walks through the exact AFSL, ASIC, AFCA, and ABN sequence in under 15 minutes, including how to search the Banned and Disqualified Registers by individual name.

The stakes justify the habit. Investment scams remain the single largest category of scam loss in Australia, at $837.7 million in 2025. A reader who leaves knowing which tools to check is materially safer than one who leaves with only a vague sense of unease.

This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Investors should conduct their own research and consult with financial professionals before making investment decisions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a pump and dump scam in Australia?

A pump and dump scam artificially inflates the price of a thinly traded asset through coordinated buying, often promoted via fake celebrity endorsements or WhatsApp groups, then organisers sell their holdings and the price collapses, leaving other investors with near-worthless positions.

How much money did Australians lose to investment scams in 2025?

Australians reported $837.7 million in investment scam losses in 2025, making it the single largest scam category by dollars lost, according to the Targeting Scams Report 2025 published by the National Anti-Scam Centre and Scamwatch.

How can I check if an investment platform is a scam in Australia?

Search the provider on ASIC's professional registers to confirm it holds a current Australian Financial Services Licence, check it against ASIC's Investor Alert List, and run the URL through ASIC's website-verification tool, all three checks take under two minutes combined.

What should I do if I have been targeted by a pump and dump scam?

Contact your bank immediately to stop or reverse the transaction, then report the scam to Scamwatch, report any cyber elements to the Australian Cyber Security Centre via ReportCyber, and contact IDCARE for free identity support.

How do deepfake videos make investment scams harder to detect?

Deepfake technology uses artificial intelligence to make real public figures appear to endorse investments they never actually promoted, and ASIC warns that scammers also build networks of fake review sites specifically designed to intercept and neutralise your verification attempts.

Ryan Dhillon
By Ryan Dhillon
Head of Marketing
Bringing 14 years of experience in content strategy, digital marketing, and audience development to StockWire X. Ryan has delivered growth programs for global brands including Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1, Red Bull Racing, and Google, and applies that same rigour to helping Australian investors access fast, accurate, and well-structured market intelligence.
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